Blackheads and Whiteheads Explained

Blackheads and whiteheads are the most common form of acne, and the most misunderstood. Both are types of comedone, which simply means a blocked pore. The difference between them comes down to whether that pore is open or closed.

What is a whitehead?

A whitehead is a closed comedone. The pore is blocked with oil and skin cells, but its surface is covered, so the contents are sealed in. It appears as a small, skin coloured or white bump. Because it is closed, the trapped material is not exposed to the air.

What is a blackhead, and why is it dark?

A blackhead is an open comedone. The pore is blocked in the same way, but its surface is open. The dark colour is not dirt, and this is the key myth to let go of. It is the trapped material reacting with the air and oxidising, much like a cut apple turning brown. No amount of scrubbing will wash it out because it is not dirty.

Why does picking make them worse?

Squeezing a comedone might feel productive, but it often pushes material deeper, damages the pore and triggers inflammation, turning a simple blockage into an inflamed spot that is far more likely to leave a mark. Gentle, consistent care works better than force.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are blackheads caused by dirt?

No. The dark colour is caused by oxidised oil and skin cells reacting with the air, not by trapped dirt.

Should I squeeze blackheads?

No. Squeezing blackheads or whiteheads often increases inflammation and the risk of marking or scarring. Gentle, consistent skincare is a much better approach.